Aims
The Drug Burden Index (DBI) measures a person’s total exposure to anticholinergic and sedative drugs. This systematic review aims to identify the association between DBI and clinical and/or prescribing outcomes.
Methods
A systematic search of nine electronic databases, citation indexes and grey literature was performed from 1/4/2007 to 1/4/2022. Studies that reported primary data on DBI and its association with clinical and/or prescribing outcomes conducted in any setting in humans aged ≥18 years or animals were included. Preliminary findings were narratively synthesised. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools checklists were used to assess study quality.
Results
Of 2141 studies screened, 74 met the inclusion criteria (69 in humans, five in animals). Studies were heterogeneous in their setting (community/nursing home/hospital/laboratory), design, definition of DBI and outcome measures. On preliminary analysis, clinical and prescribing outcomes reported included falls (n=16, all human observational studies), function (n=26), cognition (n=19), frailty (n=11), quality of life (n=7), mortality (n=11), polypharmacy (n=3) and other clinical (n=27) and prescribing (n=10) outcomes. Falls-related outcomes included number of falls, falls history, hospitalisation for falls, risk of falls and in-hospital falls. Preliminary subgroup analysis investigating association between DBI and falls-related outcomes, found that six studies (three with low risk of bias) showed a positive association, eight (three with low risk of bias) showed no association and two (one with low risk of bias) showed mixed results.
Conclusions
Heterogeneity in the setting and in measurement of DBI and of outcomes such as falls in the included studies limits data synthesis.